Law 1 - Field of Play
Matches may be played on natural or artificial surfaces, according to the rules of the competition.
The color of artificial surfaces must be green.
Where artificial surfaces are used in either competition matches between representative teams of member associations affiliate to FIFA or international club competition matches, the surface must meet the requirements of the FIFA Quality Concept for Football Turf or the International Artificial Turf Standard, unless special dispensation is given by FIFA.
Law 11 - Offside
When an offside offence occurs, the referee awards an indirect free kick to be taken from the position of the offending player when the ball was last played to him by one of his team-mates.
Any defending player leaving the field of play for any reason without the referee's permission shall be considered to be on his own goal line or touch line for the purposes of offside until the next stoppage in play. If the player leaves the field of play deliberately, he must be cautioned when the ball is next out of play.
Interpretation:
1. A defending player cannot put an opponent into an offside position by moving or stepping out of the field of play.
2. The defender shall be considered to be the field when offside judgement is made.
3. The defending player who leaves the field of play deliberately shall be cautioned for unsporting behavior.
Procedures to determine the Winner of a Match or Home-And-Away
Kick from the Penalty Mark
If at the end of a match and before the kicks start to be taken from the penalty mark, one team has a greater number of players than its opponents, it must reduce its number to equate with that of its opponents and the team captain must inform the referee of the name and number of each player excluded. Any player thus excluded may not participate in kicks from the penalty mark.
Interpretation:
1. Player excluded may not take part in the kicks.
2. The team who has not completed its permitted number of substitution can still replaced the goalkeeper who is injured during the kicks.
Technical Area
- only one person at a time is authorised to convey tactical instructions from the technical area.
Interpretation:
1. One person can convey tactical instruction at a time.
2. The person conveying tactical instruction may stand in the technical area and need not return his position after giving instructions.
3. Any one person can stand at a time.
Referees must stop the match if, in his opinion, a player is seriously injured.
Changes to the Laws of the Game are binding for MAs as from 1 July 2009. MA may delay the introduction if its current season has not ended.
Interpretation by: Amir Sharifuddin Wong (FAM Referees Director)
FIFA MA Elite Referees Course
Monday, June 8, 2009
Saturday, April 25, 2009
Psychology in Match Management
Often young referees are curious and amazed on how experienced or excellent referee manage and control the match in a rather relaxed and easy way whereas they usually are faced with challenges and difficulties in their matches. Match management is not about having the knowledge on the Laws of the Game, years of refereeing experience or your high academical qualification. Mental understanding on the feelings of players, coaches, players fouled or who fouled other players, team behind in goal scored, players who re-entered after being stretchered out and also players who seem to be very aggresive or robust in their tackles will the X-factor needed of an excellent referee.
It is the responsibility of the referee or the refereeing team to create a stye of control, a procedure or regulation that is communicated clearly to the players so that they will abide to it. They also have to create a playing environment or condition that encourages players to uphold or give priority to the rules, guidelines or culture created by the referee.
Players are given the responsibilities by coaches to influence either positively or negatively the decisions of the referees so as to gain the upper hand or advantages over their opponents.
Players are guided to test and measure the referee. The referee should not be excited or threatened by the players or situations. Show your impact or authority early in the game.
Players wants fairness. Referees must be consistent and seen to be consistent in Correct decisions according to the Laws of the Game may not necessary be the right decisions. Intellegent and descretion need to be used.
Players wants their appeal to be heard by the referee. Referee must be good listener with symphaty and emphaty in their attitude. Players will reflect their emotion verbally, visually or physically. Referee must always seen to be calm and not emotional. Many referees make mistakes by showing reaction or being emotional towards an incident. When making decision, be calm and the decision will be better. Meed to have a bit of jovial but not being a joker or clown. Sometime after a decision, it is better to move away from the place of incident immediately or keep moving. This will avoid players from crowding around you ot closing in to protest to create confrontation.
Players want the situation to be tense and of high challenges so as to distract the referee. Thus, the referee, at critical situation need to slow down the pace of the game or situation. Get rid of the culprit - identify the culprit among the players and take strong actions or encounter wisely.
Players wants to be treated equally. Referees should avoid threatening any player. Avoid talking in a ridicue manner or shouting at them.
Players used the Laws of the Game and play in a manner to bring the game to disrepute to maje the task of the referee difficult. Referee should show to the players that he knows what he is doing. React with correct actions and decisions accordingly with verbal action when neccessary. Referee needs to show signals or picture his assertiveness.
Players feel proud of their achievement. Referee should also praise the players on their good behavior, for following your principles of management or does something special. "Honey attracts the bees better than the vineger. Praising sometimes can reduce the tension. If the referee does not take the good or correct action, players will have their ways to react. Referee should be seen to be taking action even though is not taking any action at all. Sanctions should be given accordingly and appropriately. 'Listen' to the players and be aware of their needs.
The above are some useful tips that may be of use to new referees and these guidelines can be use with some modification according to the nature of the situations and conditions. Use a lot of intelligent, descretion and also gamemanship in your match management. Self-assessment before, during and after the match is often useful if the inadequacies identified are given proper attention and taken actions to overcome the deficiencies will enable a young aspiring referee to proceed further in his refereeing career.
It is the responsibility of the referee or the refereeing team to create a stye of control, a procedure or regulation that is communicated clearly to the players so that they will abide to it. They also have to create a playing environment or condition that encourages players to uphold or give priority to the rules, guidelines or culture created by the referee.
Players are given the responsibilities by coaches to influence either positively or negatively the decisions of the referees so as to gain the upper hand or advantages over their opponents.
Players are guided to test and measure the referee. The referee should not be excited or threatened by the players or situations. Show your impact or authority early in the game.
Players wants fairness. Referees must be consistent and seen to be consistent in Correct decisions according to the Laws of the Game may not necessary be the right decisions. Intellegent and descretion need to be used.
Players wants their appeal to be heard by the referee. Referee must be good listener with symphaty and emphaty in their attitude. Players will reflect their emotion verbally, visually or physically. Referee must always seen to be calm and not emotional. Many referees make mistakes by showing reaction or being emotional towards an incident. When making decision, be calm and the decision will be better. Meed to have a bit of jovial but not being a joker or clown. Sometime after a decision, it is better to move away from the place of incident immediately or keep moving. This will avoid players from crowding around you ot closing in to protest to create confrontation.
Players want the situation to be tense and of high challenges so as to distract the referee. Thus, the referee, at critical situation need to slow down the pace of the game or situation. Get rid of the culprit - identify the culprit among the players and take strong actions or encounter wisely.
Players wants to be treated equally. Referees should avoid threatening any player. Avoid talking in a ridicue manner or shouting at them.
Players used the Laws of the Game and play in a manner to bring the game to disrepute to maje the task of the referee difficult. Referee should show to the players that he knows what he is doing. React with correct actions and decisions accordingly with verbal action when neccessary. Referee needs to show signals or picture his assertiveness.
Players feel proud of their achievement. Referee should also praise the players on their good behavior, for following your principles of management or does something special. "Honey attracts the bees better than the vineger. Praising sometimes can reduce the tension. If the referee does not take the good or correct action, players will have their ways to react. Referee should be seen to be taking action even though is not taking any action at all. Sanctions should be given accordingly and appropriately. 'Listen' to the players and be aware of their needs.
The above are some useful tips that may be of use to new referees and these guidelines can be use with some modification according to the nature of the situations and conditions. Use a lot of intelligent, descretion and also gamemanship in your match management. Self-assessment before, during and after the match is often useful if the inadequacies identified are given proper attention and taken actions to overcome the deficiencies will enable a young aspiring referee to proceed further in his refereeing career.
Wednesday, March 11, 2009
Work your Abdominals (1)
Bicycle Crunch Exercise
By Elizabeth Quinn, About.com
By Elizabeth Quinn, About.com
Bicycle Crunch Exercise came in at the top of the list of best exercises for the rectus abdominus. This is the conclusion of a study at San Diego State University that compared 13 common abdominal exercises in order to find which ones really strengthen the abs. Each exercise was ranked for muscle stimulation (measured with EMG) in the rectus abdominis, the external obliques and internal obliques.
Learn More about the The Best Way to Exercise the Abdominal Muscles.
How to do the Bicycle Crunch Exercise
· Lie flat on the floor with your lower back pressed to the ground.
· Put your hands beside your head.
· Bring your knees up to about a 45-degree angle and slowly go through a bicycle pedal motion.
· Touch your left elbow to your right knee, then your right elbow to your left knee.
· Breath evenly throughout the exercise.
Work your Abdominals (2)
Reverse Crunch Ab Exercise
How to Do the Reverse Crunch
By Elizabeth Quinn, About.com
The reverse crunch targets the rectus abdominis.
How to Do the Reverse Crunch
· Lie on your back with knees bend and feet on the floor
· Place hands on the floor or behind the head.
· Bring your knees up towards the chest so they bend about 90 degrees
· Contract your abs and lift your hips off the floor in a very small movement.
· Lower and repeat.
How to Do the Reverse Crunch
By Elizabeth Quinn, About.com
The reverse crunch targets the rectus abdominis.
How to Do the Reverse Crunch
· Lie on your back with knees bend and feet on the floor
· Place hands on the floor or behind the head.
· Bring your knees up towards the chest so they bend about 90 degrees
· Contract your abs and lift your hips off the floor in a very small movement.
· Lower and repeat.
Work your Abdominals (3)
Vertical Leg Crunch Abdominal Exercise
By Elizabeth Quinn, About.com
The vertical leg crunch is another effective move for the rectus abdominis, the external obliques and internal obliques.
How to Do it
· Lie on your back and extend the legs up with knees slightly bent.
· Contract your abs so and raise up until your shoulder blades leave the floor.
· Keep your chin up; don't pull on your neck.
· Keep the legs in a fixed position.
· Lift your torso toward your knees.
· Lower and repeat for 12-16 reps.
By Elizabeth Quinn, About.com
The vertical leg crunch is another effective move for the rectus abdominis, the external obliques and internal obliques.
How to Do it
· Lie on your back and extend the legs up with knees slightly bent.
· Contract your abs so and raise up until your shoulder blades leave the floor.
· Keep your chin up; don't pull on your neck.
· Keep the legs in a fixed position.
· Lift your torso toward your knees.
· Lower and repeat for 12-16 reps.
Work your Abdominals (4)
Long Arm Crunch
How to Do the Long Arm Crunch
By Elizabeth Quinn, About.com
The long arm crunch is another way to strengthen the rectus abdominis, the external obliques and internal obliques.
How to Do the Long Arm Crunch
· Lie on your back with your arms over your head with hands clasped and arms close to your ears.
· Keep you knees bent with feet flat on the floor.
· Contract your abs and lift your shoulder blades off the floor.
· Lower and repeat for 12-16 reps.
Work Your Abdominals (5)
The basic crunch exercise for the abs targets the rectus abdominis muscle. Although it seems simple, many people don't perform the basic ab crunch properly. Using good form when doing an crunch makes this a much more effective abdominal exercise.
How to Do the Basic Abdominal Crunch
· Lie on your back, bend your knees, placing your hands on the sides on your head.
· Contract your abs and flatten your lower back against the floor.
· Slowly lift your shoulder blades one or two inches off the floor.
· Exhale as lift, keep your neck straight and chin up.
· Hold for a few seconds (don't hold you breath).
· Slowly lower while keeping you abs contracted.
· Repeat up to 20 reps this perfect form for each rep.
· To make it more difficult, use an exercise ball.
How to Do the Basic Abdominal Crunch
· Lie on your back, bend your knees, placing your hands on the sides on your head.
· Contract your abs and flatten your lower back against the floor.
· Slowly lift your shoulder blades one or two inches off the floor.
· Exhale as lift, keep your neck straight and chin up.
· Hold for a few seconds (don't hold you breath).
· Slowly lower while keeping you abs contracted.
· Repeat up to 20 reps this perfect form for each rep.
· To make it more difficult, use an exercise ball.
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